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A neutronic model to find promising candidates as burnable poisons in fast reactors

Small modular liquid-metal-cooled fast reactors may require dedicated provisions to reach very long core lifetime, or to reduce the reactivity swing if minimizing control requirements is needed. In such cases, the use of burnable poisons may be a necessary route. Unfortunately, to date very few materials are known that may be used as burnable poisons in fast reactors. Goal of this paper is therefore to propose a model by which the expected neutronic behavior of a candidate burnable poison mat...

Turbulent features near the X point of a DTT-like tokamak plasma: Electro-static and electro-magnetic fluid simulations

The background magnetic geometry at the edge of a tokamak plasma has to be designed in order to mitigate the particle and energy looses essentially due to turbulent transport. The Divertor-Tokamak-Test (DTT) facility under construction at ENEA Frascati will test several magnetic configurations and mitigation strategies, that are usually based on the realization of nontrivial topologies in which one or more X points are present. In order to get a clear understanding of turbulent transport near...

Diagnostics: Chapter 8 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation

This chapter presents the activity conducted by the ITPA topical group (TG) on Diagnostics over about the last 15 years. Following a general introduction of the ITER Diagnostics led by their measurement roles, the document is organized in several subchapters detailing the design support, research and development activity conducted by each of the specialist working groups (WGs) of the TG. Please note that the magnetic diagnostics were supported at the TG without a specific WG. Their status is ...

The role of urban forests in tackling air and soil pollution in Italian cities

Urban forests are increasingly recognized as essential components of sustainable city planning, offering multifunctional ecosystem services that address key environmental challenges. This review explores the role of urban vegetation in mitigating air and soil pollution, using Italy as a representative case study. Air pollution - specifically particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and tropospheric ozone (O3) - remains a critical health concern in urban areas, while soil contamination...

Impact of energy collapsing on the effective neutron lifetime

The effective mean prompt neutron generation time (or effective lifetime) is an integral parameter that is introduced in the point kinetic model for nuclear reactor time-dependent analysis. Although such a model requires a strong simplification of the neutron kinetic process, the value of the effective neutron lifetime can give an immediate and useful information on the physical characteristics of a multiplying system and on its time response to perturbations. Furthermore, point kinetics is s...

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