About 100 MT of excess plutonium are going to be originated from warheads dismantling under the START I and II agreements (50 MT by each side US and former Soviet Union), and another about 200 MT are already stockpiled from commercial spent fuel reprocessing. The civilian or reactor grade plutonium (RG-Pu), amounted at about 1000 MT total world inventory at the end of 1995, and is forecasted to attain some of 1600-1700 MT by year 2000. Therefore, there is a pressing need in finding novel and ever more safe methods to deal with all kind of excess plutonium in the aim of rendering it ultimately unusable for proliferation purposes.As to weapons Pu, one leading option (US and Russia) is to burn it in LWRs after having converted it to MOX fuel. However, among the possible types of fuel which can be envisaged to burn plutonium in LWRs, inert matrix fuel is a completely novel concept that finds justification since, especially for weapons Pu transmutation, the precisely required fuel is not immediately available and even for the LWR weapon-MOX, processes and facilities have to be set-up before reaching the operational stage.Inert matrix fuel is an non-fertile oxide fuel consisting of PuO2, either weapon-grade or reactor-grade, diluted in a mixed compound of inert oxides such as stabilized ZrO2, Al2O3, MgO or MgAl2O4, and its primary advantage is the no-production of new plutonium during irradiation, because it does not contain uranium (U-free fuel) whose U-238 isotope is the departure nuclide for breeding Pu-239. This new fuel will have a plutonium relative content comparable to that one used in standard MOX fuel for PWRs. After discharge from reactor and adequate cooling time, the spent fuel is outlooked to be sent, as a HLW, directly to the final disposal in deep geological formations without requiring any further reprocessing treatment (once-through solution).
Inert Matrix Innovative Fuels for Plutonium Transmutation in LWRs
Lombardi, C.;
1998-03-15
Abstract
About 100 MT of excess plutonium are going to be originated from warheads dismantling under the START I and II agreements (50 MT by each side US and former Soviet Union), and another about 200 MT are already stockpiled from commercial spent fuel reprocessing. The civilian or reactor grade plutonium (RG-Pu), amounted at about 1000 MT total world inventory at the end of 1995, and is forecasted to attain some of 1600-1700 MT by year 2000. Therefore, there is a pressing need in finding novel and ever more safe methods to deal with all kind of excess plutonium in the aim of rendering it ultimately unusable for proliferation purposes.As to weapons Pu, one leading option (US and Russia) is to burn it in LWRs after having converted it to MOX fuel. However, among the possible types of fuel which can be envisaged to burn plutonium in LWRs, inert matrix fuel is a completely novel concept that finds justification since, especially for weapons Pu transmutation, the precisely required fuel is not immediately available and even for the LWR weapon-MOX, processes and facilities have to be set-up before reaching the operational stage.Inert matrix fuel is an non-fertile oxide fuel consisting of PuO2, either weapon-grade or reactor-grade, diluted in a mixed compound of inert oxides such as stabilized ZrO2, Al2O3, MgO or MgAl2O4, and its primary advantage is the no-production of new plutonium during irradiation, because it does not contain uranium (U-free fuel) whose U-238 isotope is the departure nuclide for breeding Pu-239. This new fuel will have a plutonium relative content comparable to that one used in standard MOX fuel for PWRs. After discharge from reactor and adequate cooling time, the spent fuel is outlooked to be sent, as a HLW, directly to the final disposal in deep geological formations without requiring any further reprocessing treatment (once-through solution).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
