This technical report tries to define the environmental problems related to the "end of life" phase of photovoltaic panels, commonly considered as low environmental impact devices. The panels, or parts of them, directly disposed in landfills or sent to incineration processes, can release highly polluting substances into the ground, aquifers or in the atmosphere, which underlines the importance of developing adequate disposal or treatement processes for the “end of life” phase. Furthermore, some elements contained into the photovoltaic panels are rare and/or with high extraction costs. An "high value" recycling offers potential economic and strategic benefits, allowing maximize the waste value deriving from the modules at the end of their life. The recycling process permits the recovery of the most valuable components of the modules, as well as to avoid potential damages to the environment. The phase relating to recycling for recovery and reuse of the constituent components is however very delicate from an environmental point of view, as inadequate treatment can lead to the release of highly polluting and dangerous substances into the environment (Tammaro et al., 2015). The work also tries to make an estimate by 2050 of the possible environmental damage deriving from some of the constituent elements of the photovoltaic panels, in the case they were a) directly abandoned in the environment, b) disposed in a landfills, c) initiated to a recovery / recycling procedures.
Nel presente rapporto si cerca di esplorare le possibili problematiche ambientali collegate al “fine vita” dei pannelli fotovoltaici, comunemente ritenuti apparati a basso impatto ambientale. I pannelli o parti di essi, smaltiti tal quali in discarica o avviati a processi di incenerimento, possono rilasciare nel terreno, nelle falde acquifere o in atmosfera sostanze altamente inquinanti, il che sottolinea l’importanza della messa a punto di adeguati processi di smaltimento/riciclaggio a fine vita. Inoltre, alcuni materiali contenuti nei pannelli fotovoltaici sono elementi rari e con alti costi di estrazione. Un riciclaggio a “elevato valore” che consenta di valorizzare al massimo i rifiuti derivanti dai moduli a fine vita recuperando i componenti di maggiore pregio in essi presenti, oltre ad evitare potenziali danni all’ambiente, offre potenziali benefici di tipo economico e strategico. La fase relativa al riciclaggio per recupero e riutilizzo dei componenti costitutivi è tuttavia molto delicata da un punto di vista ambientale, in quanto un trattamento non adeguato può portare la rilascio nell’ambiente di sostanze altamente inquinanti e pericolose (Tammaro et al., 2015). Il lavoro, inoltre, prova a fare una stima al 2050 del possibile danno ambientale derivante da alcuni degli elementi costitutivi dei pannelli fotovoltaici, nei casi in cui questi venissero a) abbandonati tal quale nell’ambiente, b) smaltiti direttamente in discarica, c) avviati a procedure di recupero/riciclaggio.
I pannelli fotovoltaici a fine vita. Considerazioni sull'impatto ambientale e sulla salute dei processi di smaltimento/riciclo/riuso
Carrabba, P.;Padovani, L. M.
2020-01-01
Abstract
This technical report tries to define the environmental problems related to the "end of life" phase of photovoltaic panels, commonly considered as low environmental impact devices. The panels, or parts of them, directly disposed in landfills or sent to incineration processes, can release highly polluting substances into the ground, aquifers or in the atmosphere, which underlines the importance of developing adequate disposal or treatement processes for the “end of life” phase. Furthermore, some elements contained into the photovoltaic panels are rare and/or with high extraction costs. An "high value" recycling offers potential economic and strategic benefits, allowing maximize the waste value deriving from the modules at the end of their life. The recycling process permits the recovery of the most valuable components of the modules, as well as to avoid potential damages to the environment. The phase relating to recycling for recovery and reuse of the constituent components is however very delicate from an environmental point of view, as inadequate treatment can lead to the release of highly polluting and dangerous substances into the environment (Tammaro et al., 2015). The work also tries to make an estimate by 2050 of the possible environmental damage deriving from some of the constituent elements of the photovoltaic panels, in the case they were a) directly abandoned in the environment, b) disposed in a landfills, c) initiated to a recovery / recycling procedures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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