The antifungal activity of liquid wastes (SELW) produced by detoxification of steam exploded biomass of Miscanthus sinensis, Arundo donax and wheat straw for the 2nd generation bioethanol production has been studied against plant pathogenic fungi for the first time. Quantification of fermentation inhibitors (2-furaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acetic and formic acid) has been carried out. Mycelial growth inhibition and conidial germination of eight fungal strains [Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Cladosporium fulvum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM), F. solani f. sp. pisi and Verticillium dahliae] have been tested in vitro at dilution range of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 for each SELW. Disease suppression has been determined in vivo on eight horticultural pathosystems (A. alternata/tomato, B. cinerea/tomato, C. acutatum/strawberry, C. fulvum/tomato, FOL/tomato, FOM/melon, F. solani f. sp. pisi/pea and V. dahliae/eggplant). The suppression of each SELW; applied whether in form of spray on tomato leaves and skin fruits of tomato and strawberry, whether in form of watering suspension on seedling radical system of tomato, melon, pea and eggplant; has been tested at dilution range of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 under greenhouse in curative and preventive treatments. The investigations carried out in vitro have shown that M. sinensis SELW resulted more suppressive than wheat straw SELW, and A. donax SELW was less suppressive than wheat straw SELW at the lowest dilutions. Relationships between the concentrations of 2-furaldehyde, acetic and formic acid presents in the SELW and their antifungal effect have been found. Moreover, B. cinerea, C. fulvum, V. dahliae, A. alternata, C. acutatum and F. solani f. sp. pisi were more inhibited than FOL and FOM. The investigations performed in vivo have shown that the SELW of M. sinensis and wheat straw should be easily diluted at 1:2 rate (sometime at 1:4) through irrigation water and used in preventive treatments for controlling six fungal diseases. In particular, they could be used by dipping of radical apparatus during the seedling transplanting in case of F. solani f. sp. pisi/pea and V. dahliae/eggplant; whereas, they should be nebulized on leaves and fruits before symptoms appearance in case of A. alternata/tomato, B. cinerea/tomato, C. acutatum/strawberry and C. fulvum/tomato. This study is interesting for the potential employment of these SELW in the horticultural crop protection at South Italy. So, it is possible well conjugate the industrial production of 2nd generation biofuels to use of SELW derived from Steam-Explosion process in agriculture energy efficiency and in sustainable horticulture.
Una sperimentazione che prevedeva l’applicazione di reflui da steam explosion di miscanto, paglia di grano e canna comune o Arundo nel settore della difesa fitosanitaria contro alcune specie di funghi fitopatogeni trasmesse attraverso l’aria ed il suolo, e causanti gravi malattie su pomodoro, fragola, melanzana, pisello e melone coltivate in sistemi-serra energeticamente efficienti della Puglia, è stata condotta dall’ENEA nel biennio 2012-2013. Tale ricerca è stata sviluppata con lo scopo di mettere a punto strategie innovative per un miglioramento sia dell’efficienza energetica della filiera agro-chimica e sia della sostenibilità ambientale degli agrosistemi locali sfruttando un rifiuto della steamexplosion. I dati ottenuti nel corso di prove condotte in vitro ed in vivo, rispettivamente in laboratorio ed in serra, su otto sistemi specie vegetale/fungo patogeno (patosistemi) hanno dimostrato che l’effetto soppressivo dei reflui di miscanto e paglia di grano (e, in minor misura, anche di canna comune) verso alcuni patosistemi sono stati molto incoraggianti. L’applicazione di questi reflui alle foglie, ai frutti ed alle piantine nel corso di trattamenti preventivi effettuati con reflui diluiti 1:2 con acqua di irrigazione ha fornito percentuali di soppressione significativamente molto alte su sei patosistemi (A. alternata/pomodoro, B. cinerea/pomodoro, C. acutatum/fragole, C. fulvum/pomodoro, F. solani f. sp. pisi/pisello e V. dahliae/melanzana) rispetto agli otto saggiati. Questi reflui possono essere applicati con estrema facilità ed economicità su frutti, foglie e piantine durante le ordinarie operazioni di trapianto e/o di difesa degli organi epigei di queste colture ortive da infezioni fungine. Il riscontro dell’assenza di alterazioni chimico-fisico-organolettiche a carico dei frutti di fragola e pomodoro trattati con questi reflui contenenti sostanze antimicrobiche volatili, come i furfurali e gli acidi acetico e formico, considerati nel loro complesso come i responsabili dell’attività fungicida o fungistatica dei reflui saggiati, è stato accolto positivamente ed apre verso nuove prospettive di difesa fitosanitaria eco-compatibile.
Un potenziale impiego dei reflui ottenuti da biomasse vegetali trattate con la steam-explosion nella difesa fitosanitaria. Un'ulteriore opportunità per l'efficienza energetica e la sostenibilità ambientale in agricoltura
Zimbardi, F.;Arcieri, G.;Valerio, V.;Viola, E.;Viola, C.;Cancellara, F.A.;De Corato, U.
2013-07-01
Abstract
The antifungal activity of liquid wastes (SELW) produced by detoxification of steam exploded biomass of Miscanthus sinensis, Arundo donax and wheat straw for the 2nd generation bioethanol production has been studied against plant pathogenic fungi for the first time. Quantification of fermentation inhibitors (2-furaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acetic and formic acid) has been carried out. Mycelial growth inhibition and conidial germination of eight fungal strains [Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Cladosporium fulvum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM), F. solani f. sp. pisi and Verticillium dahliae] have been tested in vitro at dilution range of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 for each SELW. Disease suppression has been determined in vivo on eight horticultural pathosystems (A. alternata/tomato, B. cinerea/tomato, C. acutatum/strawberry, C. fulvum/tomato, FOL/tomato, FOM/melon, F. solani f. sp. pisi/pea and V. dahliae/eggplant). The suppression of each SELW; applied whether in form of spray on tomato leaves and skin fruits of tomato and strawberry, whether in form of watering suspension on seedling radical system of tomato, melon, pea and eggplant; has been tested at dilution range of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 under greenhouse in curative and preventive treatments. The investigations carried out in vitro have shown that M. sinensis SELW resulted more suppressive than wheat straw SELW, and A. donax SELW was less suppressive than wheat straw SELW at the lowest dilutions. Relationships between the concentrations of 2-furaldehyde, acetic and formic acid presents in the SELW and their antifungal effect have been found. Moreover, B. cinerea, C. fulvum, V. dahliae, A. alternata, C. acutatum and F. solani f. sp. pisi were more inhibited than FOL and FOM. The investigations performed in vivo have shown that the SELW of M. sinensis and wheat straw should be easily diluted at 1:2 rate (sometime at 1:4) through irrigation water and used in preventive treatments for controlling six fungal diseases. In particular, they could be used by dipping of radical apparatus during the seedling transplanting in case of F. solani f. sp. pisi/pea and V. dahliae/eggplant; whereas, they should be nebulized on leaves and fruits before symptoms appearance in case of A. alternata/tomato, B. cinerea/tomato, C. acutatum/strawberry and C. fulvum/tomato. This study is interesting for the potential employment of these SELW in the horticultural crop protection at South Italy. So, it is possible well conjugate the industrial production of 2nd generation biofuels to use of SELW derived from Steam-Explosion process in agriculture energy efficiency and in sustainable horticulture.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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