The development and application of a dedicated atmospheric modelling system (AMS) on the territory of Lebanon is here described as part of technical assistance provided by ENEA to the Lebanese Ministry of Environment during 2013 and 2014. AMS-Lebanon aims to provide a reference modelling tool for air quality policy in Lebanon, allowing to investigate hypotheses on air quality management in a quick and cost-effective way. The modelling system is derived from ENEA’s experience in the MINNI project, supporting to the Italian Ministry of Environment for national air pollution policies, and in research exercises involving model intercomparisons at European scale. The modelling chain connects a mesoscale meteorological model (RAMS), an emission inventory processor (EMMA) and a Chemical Transport Model (FARM). Three dimensional concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, SO2) are calculated keeping into account atmospheric dynamics and chemical reactions among gas and particulate species, on a 5 km horizontal resolution grid covering Lebanon. The Atmospheric Emission Inventory of Anthropogenic Sources for Lebanon, compiled by CEREA (France) and University of Saint Joseph (Lebanon), was adapted to AMS Lebanon and integrated with new information on large point sources and dedicated simulation of biogenic VOC emissions. The maps of average annual concentrations for NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 show the distribution of atmospheric pollution all over the study domain and point out the hot-spots of exceedances of EU limit values, taken as reference. The system has been tested on a base case, represented by the 2010 emission inventory of Lebanon, and two scenarios: new emission limit values for cement industries and new functional layouts for the power plants in Zouk and Jyeh. The setup of the AMS modelling system over Lebanon provided a comprehensive picture of the most polluted areas of the country, where mitigation measures are more urgent, development plans have to be reconsidered or more stringent emission limit values have to be applied. The concentration values can serve as the base case for environmental impact assessments studies and for new activities proposed with atmospheric impact. Moreover the modelling system is able to provide responses on effectiveness of new emissions scenarios, like changes of Emission Limit Values for the various sources, planned power plants transformation, future offshore drilling activities.
Viene qui descritto lo sviluppo e l’applicazione di un sistema modellistico atmosferico messo a punto per il territorio del Libano (AMS-Libano) nell’ambito dell’assistenza tecnica fornita da ENEA al Ministero dell’Ambiente Libanese tra il 2013 ed il 2014. AMS-Libano rappresenta uno strumento modellistico di riferimento per le politiche di qualità dell’aria in Libano, permettendo di approfondire ipotesi di gestione della qualità dell’aria in maniera efficace ed economica. Il sistema modellistico nasce dall’esperienza di ENEA nel progetto MINNI in supporto al Ministero Italiano dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare sulle politiche nazionali di qualità dell’aria e nell’ambito di esperienze di ricerca su confronti di modelli a livello Europeo. La catena modellistica unisce un modello meteorologico di mesoscala (RAMS), un elaboratore di inventari di emissioni (EMMA) e un modello di trasporto e chimica in atmosfera (FARM). Le concentrazioni tridimensionali di inquinanti atmosferici (NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, SO2) sono calcolate considerando le dinamiche dell’atmosfera e le reazioni chimiche fra gas e la speciazione del particolato con una risoluzione spaziale di 5 Km sul Libano. L’inventario atmosferico delle emissioni di sorgenti antropogeniche per il Libano, compilato dal CEREA (Francia) e dall’Università Saint Joseph (Libano), è stato adattato per AMS-Libano e integrato con nuove informazioni su grandi sorgenti puntuali e simulazioni specifiche di emissioni biogeniche. La mappe delle concentrazioni medie annuali di NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5 e SO2 mostrano la distribuzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico su tutto il dominio di studio ed evidenziano situazioni di superamento dei limiti in vigore nell’Unione Europea, considerati come riferimento. Il sistema è stato testato su un caso di base rappresentato dalle emissioni del 2010, e su due scenari emissivi: nuovi limiti ai valori emissivi per i cementifici e nuove configurazioni funzionali per le centrali elettriche situate a Zouk e Jyeh. La messa a punto di un sistema modellistico atmosferico per il Libano ha fornito un quadro completo delle aree più inquinanti della regione dove le misure di mitigazione appaiono più urgenti, i piani di sviluppo devono essere rivisti o devono essere applicati valori limite delle emissioni più stringenti. I valori di concentrazione forniscono anche un caso base per gli studi di valutazione di impatto ambientale e per la proposta di nuove attività con impatto in atmosfera. Inoltre il sistema modellistico è in grado di valutare l’efficacia di nuovi scenari di emissione, dati per esempio dal cambiamento di valori limite di emissioni delle diverse sorgenti, dalla trasformazioni pianificate di alcune centrali o da future attività estrattive off-shore.
An atmospheric modelling system for Lebanon
D'Elia, I.;Cappelletti, A.;Briganti, G.;Piersanti, A.;D'Isidoro, M.;Ciancarella, L.;Righini, G.;Zanini, G.
2016-04-01
Abstract
The development and application of a dedicated atmospheric modelling system (AMS) on the territory of Lebanon is here described as part of technical assistance provided by ENEA to the Lebanese Ministry of Environment during 2013 and 2014. AMS-Lebanon aims to provide a reference modelling tool for air quality policy in Lebanon, allowing to investigate hypotheses on air quality management in a quick and cost-effective way. The modelling system is derived from ENEA’s experience in the MINNI project, supporting to the Italian Ministry of Environment for national air pollution policies, and in research exercises involving model intercomparisons at European scale. The modelling chain connects a mesoscale meteorological model (RAMS), an emission inventory processor (EMMA) and a Chemical Transport Model (FARM). Three dimensional concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, SO2) are calculated keeping into account atmospheric dynamics and chemical reactions among gas and particulate species, on a 5 km horizontal resolution grid covering Lebanon. The Atmospheric Emission Inventory of Anthropogenic Sources for Lebanon, compiled by CEREA (France) and University of Saint Joseph (Lebanon), was adapted to AMS Lebanon and integrated with new information on large point sources and dedicated simulation of biogenic VOC emissions. The maps of average annual concentrations for NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 show the distribution of atmospheric pollution all over the study domain and point out the hot-spots of exceedances of EU limit values, taken as reference. The system has been tested on a base case, represented by the 2010 emission inventory of Lebanon, and two scenarios: new emission limit values for cement industries and new functional layouts for the power plants in Zouk and Jyeh. The setup of the AMS modelling system over Lebanon provided a comprehensive picture of the most polluted areas of the country, where mitigation measures are more urgent, development plans have to be reconsidered or more stringent emission limit values have to be applied. The concentration values can serve as the base case for environmental impact assessments studies and for new activities proposed with atmospheric impact. Moreover the modelling system is able to provide responses on effectiveness of new emissions scenarios, like changes of Emission Limit Values for the various sources, planned power plants transformation, future offshore drilling activities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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