Comparative study of Global, European and Italian Standards on Hydrogen Refueling Stations

The purpose of this paper is to give a strategic overview of the existing standards governing the construction and operation of hydrogen refueling stations. A succinct and comprehensive study of hydrogen refueling station standards globally, in Europe, and in Italy is conducted and discussed in light of the new European Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap. Among the numerous topics examined, a particular emphasis is placed on the standards in force for on-site hydrogen production via water electrolysis, hydrogen storage, both liquid and gaseous, and refueling protocols for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, on an international level through the provision of ISO, IEC, and SAE standards; on a European level through the examination of the CEN/CENELEC database; and on an Italian national level through the analysis of the UNI database.