Electrical Vehicles and Charging Stations: State of Art and Future Perspectives

Electric Vehicles are receiving significant attention due to their zero or low emissions, thus decreasing the high CO2 emissions of the transport sector. Their spread is subordinated to the availability of the suitable electrical infrastructure for the charging, connected to the public and private electric grids. In addition, in the next future, the interaction with the grid will not be limited to charging service (Grid to Vehicle, G2V), but could become bidirectional: EVs will also be able to provide auxiliary services to the electric grid, according to Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation. The present paper includes an overview on EVs and charging stations classifications, in reference to different features. Then, the state of art in terms of market features on EVs and charging stations at international and Italian national level is analysed. Finally, a focus on the current performance and costs is reported.