Effects of anisotropic energetic particles on zonal flow residual level

In tokamak plasmas, the interaction among the micro-turbulence, zonal _ows (ZFs) and energetic particles (EPs) can affect the turbulence saturation level and the consequent con_nement quality and thus, is important for future burning plasmas. In this work, the EP anisotropy effects on the ZF residual level are studied by using anisotropic EP distributions with dependence on pitch. Signi_cant effects on the long wavelength ZFs have been found when small to moderate width around the dominant pitch in the EP distribution function is assumed. In addition, it is found that ZF residual level is enhanced by barely passing/trapped and/or deeply trapped EPs, but it is suppressed by well passing and/or intermediate trapped EPs. Numerical calculation shows that for ASDEX Upgrade plasmas, typical EP distribution functions can bring in -3%to + 5.5% mitigation/enhancement in ZF residual level, depending on the EP distribution functions EURATOM 2021.