Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest species causing severe damage to a wide range of crops, especially in the family of Brassicaceae. In recent years, this insect native to Asia and Africa has expanded its distribution into Europe, establishing populations first on the island of Malta and subsequently on Pantelleria, where it has become a key pest of caper cultivation. Currently, management of this species relies almost entirely on the application of synthetic insecticides which raise concerns about environmental and health impacts. Among sustainable and non-toxic alternatives, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) represents a highly promising approach. SIT involves sterilizing males of the target species through gamma irradiation. The sterilized males are then released into the field, where they mate with wild females, progressively reducing the reproductive potential of the pest population. In this study, we compared the sexual behavior of irradiated and non-irradiated males to determine whether sterile males retain sufficient competitiveness for SIT applications. After identifying the optimal irradiation dose to induce male sterility, we evaluated mating performance under different experimental conditions. Our results demonstrate that gamma irradiation does not impair male reproductive behavior at the tested doses. In fact, irradiated males outperformed non-irradiated controls across several behavioral parameters. These findings indicate that SIT could serve as an effective and sustainable strategy for the management of B. hilaris, reducing the use of chemicals and promoting environmentally sound integrated pest management practices.
La cimice Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) è una specie nota per i gravi danni causati a diverse colture, in particolare quelle appartenenti alle Brassicaceae. Negli ultimi anni, questo insetto di origine asiatica e africana ha raggiunto l’Europa, insediandosi prima sull’isola di Malta e successivamente sull’isola di Pantelleria, dove si è stabilito sulle piante di cappero, diventando uno dei principali fitofagi di questa coltura. Attualmente la sua gestione si basa sull’impiego di insetticidi il cui uso solleva molte preoccupazioni per gli impatti ambientali e sanitari. Tra le alternative sostenibili, la Tecnica dell’Insetto Sterile (SIT) rappresenta un approccio particolarmente promettente. La SIT prevede la sterilizzazione dei maschi della specie bersaglio tramite l’irraggiamento con raggi gamma e il loro rilascio in campo affinché si accoppino con le femmine selvatiche, determinando la deposizione di uova sterili e riducendo così la popolazione bersaglio. In questo studio è stato valutato il comportamento sessuale dei maschi irraggiati rispetto ai maschi non irraggiati, al fine di verificare se gli individui sterilizzati mantengano una competitività sufficiente per l’applicazione della SIT. Dopo aver identificato la dose ottimale di irraggiamento per ottenere maschi sterili, sono state analizzate le prestazioni di accoppiamento in diverse condizioni sperimentali. I risultati mostrano che l’irraggiamento non compromette il comportamento riproduttivo dei maschi alle dosi testate; al contrario, per diversi parametri comportamentali gli individui irraggiati hanno evidenziato performance superiori rispetto ai controlli. Queste evidenze indicano che la SIT potrebbe rivelarsi una strategia efficace e sostenibile per il controllo di B. hilaris, contribuendo alla riduzione dell’uso di pesticidi e promuovendo pratiche di gestione integrate e a basso impatto ambientale.
Sterile but competitive: gamma irradiation of Bagrada hilaris males at the Calliope facility for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) adoption
Cemmi, A.;Di Sarcina, I.;Musmeci, S.;
2026-01-01
Abstract
Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest species causing severe damage to a wide range of crops, especially in the family of Brassicaceae. In recent years, this insect native to Asia and Africa has expanded its distribution into Europe, establishing populations first on the island of Malta and subsequently on Pantelleria, where it has become a key pest of caper cultivation. Currently, management of this species relies almost entirely on the application of synthetic insecticides which raise concerns about environmental and health impacts. Among sustainable and non-toxic alternatives, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) represents a highly promising approach. SIT involves sterilizing males of the target species through gamma irradiation. The sterilized males are then released into the field, where they mate with wild females, progressively reducing the reproductive potential of the pest population. In this study, we compared the sexual behavior of irradiated and non-irradiated males to determine whether sterile males retain sufficient competitiveness for SIT applications. After identifying the optimal irradiation dose to induce male sterility, we evaluated mating performance under different experimental conditions. Our results demonstrate that gamma irradiation does not impair male reproductive behavior at the tested doses. In fact, irradiated males outperformed non-irradiated controls across several behavioral parameters. These findings indicate that SIT could serve as an effective and sustainable strategy for the management of B. hilaris, reducing the use of chemicals and promoting environmentally sound integrated pest management practices.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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